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UK celebrates National
Day - Long Live the Queen
Sincere friendship between the Royal
Famities of Thailand the United Kingdom
The fond relationship between the Royal Families of
Thailand and the United Kingdom has a long and illustrious history. In
1960, for instance, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II was a most gracious
host during a State Visit from His Majesty Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who has been a
renowned International Dragon Class helmsman, visited Thailand in October
1996, to pay respects to the King on the Golden Jubilee of his accession
to the throne. The Duke recalled during that visit, the time that he
sailed against the King - and lost - in a dinghy race on Pattaya Bay in
1965.
 Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej during
the King’s state visit to the United Kingdom
The following excerpt is taken from the book, “His
Majesty King Bhumibol The Great: Monarch for the Millennium”, by Peter
Cummins:
“On that occasion, the King held an ‘Island
Regatta’ from Pattaya Bay to Koh Larn and return, to honour a visit to
the Kingdom on 7 March 1965 by Prince Philip, the British Royal Consort
and a Dragon Class sailor of considerable skill. It was, indeed, a
‘battle royal’, with the King, Prince Bhisadej, Prince Philip, Prince
Birabongse Bhanubandh, H.E. Sebastiao de Castello-Branco, the then
Portuguese Ambassador to Thailand and Dr. Rachot Kanjana-Vanit, a pioneer
of yacht racing in the Kingdom, among many competing for the honours.
 His
Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej (left), Prince Philip, the Duke of
Edinburgh (centre with hat) and Prince Birabongse Bhanubandh before the an
‘Island Regatta’ from Pattaya Bay to Koh Larn and return on 7 March
1965
As Prince Bhisadej remarked after the event, his wife
M.R. Datcharee sailed with Philip and the King “won his spurs”,
finishing first of the 27-boat fleet. And where did Philip and Datcharee
finish? “Well,” Bhisadej said, scarcely stifling a chuckle, “let’s
say it was not the Prince’s best race.”
The Portuguese Ambassador noted that, “while the race
was not much of a sporting event, a great picnic at Koh Larn and later a
banquet hosted by Their Majesties were ample rewards for all
participants.” The Ambassador won the OK dinghy section of that race.
Nevertheless, Prince Philip so enjoyed the picnic
outing, greatly enhanced by the friendly ambience created through the
hospitality and informality displayed by Their Majesties the King and
Queen, as well as other members of the Thai Royal Family that, upon his
return to England, he sent a wooden catamaran as a gift to the King - the
first multi-hull to enter the Kingdom.
The King’s great sense of humour was revealed in
several ways, especially upon the arrival of Philip’s catamaran. The
King was not only delighted with the new craft, but was also amused that
the British Royal Consort would like to commemorate his crushing defeat on
the waters of Pattaya by sending a boat to Thailand.
So, what to call the new arrival? It is catamaran, so why not call it
“cat fish” which, in Thai is “pla duek”? A gift from a Duke, then
“Pla Duek” is the perfect name.”
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Message from Lloyd Barnaby
Smith
British Ambassador to Thailand
As we celebrate the Official Birthday of Her Majesty
Queen Elizabeth II, I welcome this opportunity to offer some thoughts on
relations between Thailand the UK.
Those relations are very close, underpinned by the
friendship between the two monarchies, which was in evidence again last
December when the Duke of York visited Thailand to participate in
celebrations marking the 72nd (sixth cycle) birthday of His Majesty King
Bhumibol Adulyadej. HM King Bhumibol has now become the longest living
monarch in Thai history. In the UK, we are likewise preparing to celebrate
the long life of Her Majesty the Queen Mother, who will be 100 years old
on 4 August 2000.
These milestones in the lives of two Royal Families are
reminders of the shared traditions that bind Britain and Thailand. But
what also binds the two countries is an ability to draw on the strength of
our traditions in adapting to the challenges of the future.
Just over a century ago, His Majesty King Chulalongkorn
(Rama V) visited Europe as part of his far-reaching efforts to develop
Thailand’s international relations and open the way for technological
exchanges. Today, the cutting edge innovations of the era in which Britain
led the way have come to seem traditional. But, then as now, Thailand and
Britain remain close partners in the pursuit of the latest wave of
innovation and progress.
Today’s challenge is globalisation. What could be
more ‘global’ than the City of London, the world’s most important
financial centre? London is also a world centre for fashion and design,
combining home-grown talent with an ability to harness the best ideas from
abroad. It is a major international tourist destination (as, of course, is
Thailand, which last year attracted 500,000 tourists from Britain alone).
British popular culture, from music to sport, plays to a global audience.
Manchester United is the best-known football team in the world, as many
Thai will confirm. We are building on these strengths in our bid to host
the World Cup in 2006.
In other cultural fields, British films again found
receptive audiences in Thailand, both at the mainstream box office and in
the film festivals promoted by the British Council and European Union. A
British theatre group, the David Glass Ensemble, recently worked with Thai
children and childcare workers to stage inspiring performances in Bangkok
and Chiang Mai. Later this month, the British Council will host an
exhibition of new British art, part of it displayed on the Council’s
popular website (www.britcoun.or.th).
Underpinning these cultural exchanges is the enormous
Thai interest in the English language and British education, which led to
the British Council to choose Thailand for the launch of a revolutionary
new long-distance language learning package using the Internet. The
British Council is working closely with Thai schools across the country to
help improve standards of English teaching. Educational reformers from the
two countries are working together to find innovative solutions to issues
of common concern, ranging from university autonomy to vocational
training. A number of British schools have set up branches in Thailand,
and the network of collaborative links between British and Thai
universities grows ever wider and stronger. The UK remains the destination
of choice for thousands of Thai students, and Britain has been working to
attract even greater numbers by expanding access to scholarships,
including the flagship Chevening Scholarship scheme.
Creativity and innovation are also increasingly
important themes of the Embassy’s investment and trade promotion work in
Thailand. We have been working for some time to share British experience
in the area of privatisation, a process pioneered in the UK that has
resulted in better value for money for consumers around the world. In
recent years, British companies have demonstrated their confidence in the
future of the Thai economy through new investments in sectors ranging from
banking to retail. Thailand is now the natural gateway to ASEAN for many
UK firms. Likewise, Britain, with its commitment to Europe and the
principles of free trade, is the natural gateway to the EU for many Thai
businesses. Indeed, British retailers are now working with their Thai
partners to increase Thai exports to Britain.
The close partnership between Thailand and Britain is
evident also in the fields of politics and diplomacy. Both countries are
engaged in a process of Constitutional reform, including restructuring of
their Upper Houses of Parliament, devolution of power to local authorities
and measures to strengthen protection of fundamental human rights. And as
they pursue these reforms at home, both countries are also increasingly
active in promoting democracy and human security as part of their foreign
policy. To cite just two examples, Britain and Thailand have continued to
work closely together on child protection as part of a wider Asia-Europe
initiative. And British Army Peacekeeping experts have organised training
for Thai troops, including those destined for East Timor. The strength of
UK-Thai cooperation in these and other areas was highlighted by the recent
two-day visit to Thailand of the British Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook. |
Brits say Thank You to
St. Andrews
The British Chamber of Commerce Thailand (BCCT) held
another of their successful Pub Nights last weekend helped enormously by
the Irish and the Scots. In fact, as any Scot will tell you, “There will
always be an England - as long as Scotland’s there!”
 BCCT
Executive Director Greg Watkins (center) and David Nardone (left),
President of Hemaraj Land and Development Plc in deep conversation at the
BCCT Pub Night at Delaney’s Irish Pub, Pattaya.
However, the Scottish and Irish assistance that was
given to the BCCT was from the St. Andrews International Schools group and
Delaney’s Irish Pub, who were the sponsors for the evening.
 BCCT’s
Graeme Macdonald (left), St Andrews International School Headmistress Jill
Thomas (2nd left) and Delaney’s Pattaya Manager Kim Fletcher (right)
laugh it up.
While everyone in Pattaya knows of Jill Thomas,
everyone’s favourite Headmistress from St Andrews International School
at Green Valley (and vice chair of the BCCT on the Eastern Seaboard), what
most did not know was that there are four St. Andrews International
Schools in Thailand - and they all have Lady Heads of School! Lovely
Scottish girl Mary Gibb, from the Soi 71 St Andrews School was seen
chatting amiably with Welsh Jill, Thomas using Sudhipan Charumani from
Hemaraj Land and Development as the interpreter.
The informal nature of the evening seems to aid the
exchange of business cards and the BCCT can chalk up last week’s event
as another success.
Chaine forges new links
The local branch of the international Chaine des
Rotisseurs held an informal evening at the Moon River Pub, to introduce the
concepts of the group to Pattaya at large. While the members of the Chaine
understand full well the fun and camaraderie that comes from fine food and
wine, there have been some people who were just a little reticent to
approach such a select group.
 Walter
Jack Heller (r) congratulates the Thai Garden Team for a superb buffet.
(l-r) Charan Thonghom-Exec.Chef, Sanich Benjaman-Exec. Asst, Manager, Daisy
Vogt, Michael Vogt-General Manager Marion Vogt -Guest Relations.
However, under the leadership of Walter Jack Heller and
with such stalwarts as Michael Vogt from the Moon River Pub promoting the
concept, the Chaine was rewarded with a very good roll-up for the informal
event.
 Magarete
Treubig 89 years young (Daisy’s great grand mother) was a special guest at
this Chaine Fellowship
With Executive Chef Saran and the Food and Beverage
Manager Sanit making sure everything was of the highest standard, members
and friends enjoyed a very special buffet evening. Amongst those who were
seen participating were Walter Tenisch, the Executive Chef from the Royal
Cliff Beach Resort, and his family; the incoming President of the
Jomtien-Pattaya Rotary Club, Erika Keller and the leader of the local
Seaboard Sounds, Monika Rottmann and husband Peter.
 Micahel
Vogt the effervescent GM entertains (l-r) Walter and Michael Thenisch,
Brendan Richards, Mio and Jan Olav Aamlid
While the formal Chaine Dinners do have a degree of pomp, custom and
circumstance, the informal Chaine evening certainly did help the group form
new links with the Eastern Seaboard community. Further information about the
Chaine can be had from Walter Jack Heller, (038) 427 777 (mornings).
BCCT - Seminar:
Communication Skills for Front Office Staff
The British Chamber of Commerce in association with First
Training presents half-day seminars entitled ‘Communication Skills for
Front Office Staff’. The seminars will be held in separate morning and
afternoon sessions at First Training, Silom Complex, 5th Floor on Tuesday
20th June 2000.
The morning session will be held from 10:00 a.m.
(registration) - 13:30 p.m. and the afternoon session from 14:00 p.m.
(registration) - 17:30 p.m. Each session is limited to a maximum of 20
participants and will be conducted in the English language.
The seminars are aimed at receptionists, telephonists and
other front office employees. The following topics will be covered:
greetings and introductions, when the person called is out, leaving/taking a
message, the wrong number/extension, communication problems, making/changing
appointments.
The cost per participant is Baht 600 inclusive of VAT,
course materials, certificate and coffee break. Lunch is not provided but
there are many eating outlets in Silom Road.
Please fax or e-mail the name/s of participants to the
BCCT office (fax: 02 651 5354, e-mail: [email protected]). Due to
difficulty in collecting payments for previous seminars, payment must be
made in advance to confirm bookings. Please make cheques payable to “The
British Chamber of Commerce”. The bookings received with payment will be
accepted. Please ensure that attendees do not change their bookings without
informing the BCCT.
Roger Welty enhances
PILC’s June meeting
Roger Welty, renowned author and lecturer, was the guest
speaker at the Pattaya International Ladies Club’s June luncheon held at
the Siam Bayshore Hotel.
 Roger
Welty enjoys lunch with President Ffion Mercer, past President Mary Harris,
Welfare Carol Smith and some other guests.
Roger spoke of his life in Thailand and the many
experiences he has had during his 40 years stay. Originally from California,
Roger Welty runs Eastern Horizons Co., a travel outfit, and is a lecturer at
Ramkhamhaeng University. Roger is also the author of the book, “The Thai
and I” and of many articles on various regional topics.
After an excellent buffet prepared by the Siam Bayshore
Hotel, Roger’s adopted son Ott explained to the eagerly listening ladies
about the outfits worn by Buddhist monks.
Final farewell to Del
Schloemer
The recent sudden passing of Del Schloemer at age 67 has
left the Eastern Seaboard community grieving. Many people turned up to the
Sawang Fah Temple in Naklua to pay their last respects to one of Pattaya’s
most respected engineers, and hopefully give some comfort to his widow
Cherie.
Del, who had been resident in Thailand since 1981 and in
Pattaya for the past ten years, was a career engineer who had made his mark
as a brilliant project manager in many fields throughout Asia. One of his
many achievements was getting the Queen Sirikit Oilfield constructed and
commissioned on time for its dedication by Her Majesty, the Queen of
Thailand. There was only one man who could have undertaken that task, and
that was Del Schloemer.
During a eulogy given by Hans Westphal, the managing
director of Reickermann Thailand and Del’s last employer, the assembled
mourners were reminded not only of his engineering tributes, but also of his
life long passion - motor sport, where he not only worked as an engineer in
the pits for some of the world’s best, but was also a very successful race
driver in his own right, even winning the inaugural race at the local Prince
Bira Circuit here in Pattaya when he was by then 54 years old.
With his passing, another page in Pattaya history has
been turned, and the Pattaya Mail also pays its respects to his memory and
along with all his friends and acquaintances, offers its sympathies to his
widow Cherie.
New Zealand: The
North Island
Story & Photos by Peter Cummins
This Pattaya Mail correspondent was recently
sponsored by the New Zealand Tourism Board and Air New Zealand to explore a
little of the country’s North Island. The first story, which appeared in
last week’s Mail, featured a look at Auckland, the gateway city and some
of the surrounding areas.
 A
vineyard tour at Stonyridge overlooking the vines, with the blue, blue Gulf
shimmering in the distance
This time we take a day-trip to Waiheke, one of the
myriad islands easily accessible from Auckland. Successive stories will
feature the Maori heartland in Rotorua, the extensive Bay of Islands in the
Northland and historical as well as cultural sites throughout the North
Island.
Arriving in Auckland is a good introduction to what to
expect from one of the world’s cleanest, greenest countries with enough
parkland, waterways and open spaces to offer a ‘playground’ - about the
size of Monaco - to each and every one of its some 3.2 million citizens.
Even the sheep estimated at 42.5 million (March, 2000) have so much space
that it requires packs of sheepdogs to round them up for corralling.
 Riding
the Waiheke “Vineyard Explorer”: time to stop for a taste and a word
from the vintner
Right opposite the downtown Auckland waterfront, there
are some 50 islands dotted across the vast expanse of Waitemato Harbour and
the Hauraki Gulf which cover around 3,500 square kilometers of the Pacific
Ocean. Easily accessible and in pristine condition, most of these islands
are available for the enjoyment of all.
On any given weekend, the Gulf is a pattern of sails,
powerboats and ferries, heading to a “favourite island”. It is small
wonder, then, that Auckland is known as the “City of Sails.”
Waiheke - Paradise Just Minutes
Away
With a few hours at my disposal, I boarded a Fullers
ferry from the wharf, which was all of three minutes from the quayside
Copthorne Hotel. In just 25 minutes, a whole new world - the lovely island
of Waiheke appeared out of the Gulf. Waiheke is to Auckland what Greenwich
Village is to New York (without the pollution, crime and confusion): the
domain of artists, ‘bohemians” (whatever that means today), and armies
of tourists seeking the peace, tranquillity and “joie de vie” which is
life on this island.
 Three
Japanese girls enjoying a Waiheke wine-tasting experience
Waiheke means “cascading waters” in the Maori
language and, although I saw no waterfalls as such, almost 100 kilometers of
beautiful coastline, many bays, inlets and headlands and white, white sandy
beaches leave little time to look inland for some of Nature’s other
wonders.
Waiheke is the ultimate “walkers’ dream” with the
three principal beaches - Oneroa, Palm Beach and Onetangi - all within a few
kilometers from the Matiatia Wharf landing, along tracks rich with flora and
foliage which give the impression that one is alone with only Nature as a
companion.
Waiheke must have the clearest water I have seen for many
a year and, on some days, visibility of up to 30 metres depth is not
regarded by the locals as extraordinary. Not even forgetting to carry a
swimsuit was any great problem for there are so many deserted beaches where
one can plunge into the surf - with or without a swimsuit.
 Citizens
of the “City of Sails” head out to the Gulf and their favourite island
every weekend
How I wished for more time but, as my friends at the
Tourism Board, knowing well my proclivities, had booked me aboard the
“Vineyard Explorer” I soon proceeded to sample some of the incredibly
good wines of Waiheke. Stonyridge Vineyard, Peninsular Estate and the
Mudbrick Vineyard and Restaurant were the three principal areas visited,
with the Stonyridge Larose, aged in genuine oak ‘barriques’, regarded as
one of New Zealand’s most exclusive. Although a limited edition, Larose is
rapidly being acclaimed as one of the world’s best Cabernet blends.
After tasting this delightful, Bordeaux-like wine on the
Stonyridge terrace overlooking the vineyards, with the blue, blue Gulf
shimmering in the distance, it was hard to recall the trials and
tribulations which beset us all through life. In fact, after a few
‘refills’, it was hard to remember one’s own name. There was no need
to...!
The island, once the exclusive haunt of the artistic set,
has become a haven for visitors from everywhere, ranging from the ubiquitous
backpackers taking advantage of accommodation as cheap as NZ$15 (Baht 250),
to jet-setting film stars who seek beach-side accommodation - regardless of
the cost - for privacy, relaxation and escape from the public scrutiny.
Even tranquil, laid-back Auckland seemed a little frantic
after a few hours’ sojourn on Waiheke.
Going There
With the Thai Baht at around 17.50 to one New Zealand
dollar, it must make New Zealand one of the best-valued tourist destinations
in Asia. Good transport services, first-class roads, internal airlines and
safe, reliable ferries make travelling around the country a delight.
Accommodation and restaurants are top quality,
reasonably-priced and well located throughout New Zealand. Great seafood,
viands, fruit and vegetables, complemented with some of the world’s best
wines, bring an excellent meal well within Bangkok prices at around Baht 500
- 600.
Air New Zealand is a member of the Star Alliance and thus
is well connected to and from New Zealand and all other major destinations.
All enquiries regarding flights, packages and connections should be
addressed to Air New Zealand, Sindhorn Bldg., Tower 3, 30-32 Wireless Road
(SET Building), Bangkok 10330. Tel (662) 254-8440-9; fax 253-1296-99.
Any enquiries about a New Zealand holiday should be
directed to: The New Zealand Tourism Board, 9th Fl., ITF Tower, 140/11 Silom
Road, Bangkok 10500. Tel. (02) 634-3001-2; (02) 634-3284; fax: (02)
634-3004; E-mail: [email protected]
Thought for the week: Departmental
Purpose Analysis (DPA) ... How to do it!
by Richard Townsend, Corporate Learning Consultant
http://www.orglearn.org
As I mentioned last week, whether you are setting up a
quality programme or just looking for improved performance a “DPA” is a
great tool to find out what is really happening in your organisation.
It is obviously beneficial (if not essential) for all
involved in various parts of your organisation to be fully aware of the
‘prime purpose’ of their department and to be encouraged to focus on
efficiency and ways of reducing waste through their work activities. The
department manager, (who should run the exercise) needs to understand the
DPA process and why it is important. Modern business demands we keep an open
mind towards change and encourage staff to question whether activities add
value or just suck energy.
The basic steps of DPA are:
1. Form the DPA group from staff representing all
department functions.
2. Conduct brainstorming sessions to list all the
departmental tasks.
3. Agree and list the department’s five or six main
tasks.
4. Define the position and role of the departmental
manager.
5. Review the main activities and for each activity
identify the ‘customer(s)’ and ‘supplier(s)’.
6. Consult the customer(s) and supplier(s) by means of a
suitable questionnaire.
7. Review the customer/supplier survey results and
brainstorm how improvements can be made.
8. Prioritise improvements to list those to be tackled
first and plan how.
9. Implement an improvement action plan, maintaining
encouragement and support.
10. Review the progress made and then repeat the DPA
process.
Initially the DPA group should confine itself to
resolving issues that are within the department’s control to ensure real
progress (a change in behaviour) can be accomplished.
How many of our staff really understand how their work
practices affect the company’s overall performance in the eyes of the
customer?
Worth a thought.
To contact Ric mailto: [email protected]
Would you like to sleep
on a bed of flowers?
by Elfi
At last, for most of the past 5 years, it has been, and
still is possible to sleep on a bed of flowers without sleeping in the park
or having to spend a fortune buying roses. As soon as I walked into the
showroom at Pattaya Cane & Fabric, located on Sukhumvit Road, I realized
how.
 Hard
at work making furniture from water hyacinth
Beautiful, lavender-colored water hyacinth, originally
from South America, provides the solution. These flowers were once presented
to one of the wives of King Rama V, who appreciated this gift very much and
gave an order to have it planted on the lakes of the castle. As usual, it
soon found its way out of the palace and spread out on all the rivers and
waterways, where this once rare flower is now considered a pest. Every year,
especially during the winter months, the plants will wash up into the
rivers, hindering even big ships on their way.
Eventually, some clever people found out that its stalk,
which can reach up to 1-meter in length, makes a perfect alternative
material to rattan to build furniture. After harvesting the hyacinth by
hand, the stems are dried and assorted by size and length. Before cutting
into strips, the material is specially treated with pesticides, which will
be completely washed out, leaving no toxic material behind, yet giving
protection against any kind of insects. The dried strips of the water
hyacinth, elastic and amazingly sturdy, are then tied into cords, ropes or
are braided. The end product looks similar to rattan, yet it is softer and
has a warmer look, with its colors varying between off-white and medium
brown. Since every step of the process is done by hand and therefore takes a
lot of time, the prices for water hyacinth furniture are app. 10 % more
expensive than for rattan.
 Ms.
Jatuporn Pisalvaled receives the “Thailand’s Brand” award from Prime
Minister Chuan Leekpai.
One of the few factories that produce this type of
furniture is Pattaya Cane & Fabric. The factory’s owner, Ms. Jatuporn
Pisalvaled began to produce rattan and water hyacinth furniture about six
years ago with only a handful of carpenters. After following the adage that
only good quality will lead to success, she now has 120 employees and a
second factory in the North of Thailand. Pattaya Cane & Fabric last year
received from Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai the distinction “Thailand’s
Brand”, the number one award for quality in Thailand.
Pattaya Cane & Fabric produces both water hyacinth
and rattan furniture - and is one of only two factories that produce
furniture out of a mixture of both materials. It gives any piece of
furniture a very interesting and different look and anybody who purchases
something like this can proudly claim that he owns a very special product.
The German sales manager, Joerg Swalkiewicz, who has been
with the company for 7 months, told me a secret. “We are now starting to
produce furniture with new wicker-work technique, looking like antique
Chippendale,” he said. “Quality is our first priority and therefore it
will take a while until we can start to produce that new style on a regular
basis.”
Joerg added that the finishing work of all furniture is
according to Western standard. “All our chairs have plastic knobs around
their feet and all the doors contain hinges imported from Germany. The
drawers we make have self-closing slides of the same origin.” Joerg added
that it takes some 4 - 6 weeks delivery time for tailor-made orders.
All cushions and pillows for the furniture are produced
at the factory as well, to “make sure, everything fits perfect,” Joerg
explained. He also informed me about their export business. “No matter if
you buy furniture here and export it to wherever in the world, our prices,
including all freight costs are still 50 to 60% cheaper. We can proudly say
that besides our low prices, our quality of furniture is at least at 95% as
good as at leading European factories.”
I was very impressed with all that I had learned during
my visit. After watching the craftsmen at work and getting insider
information how it is done, I took a last look at the well-decorated
showroom. I really felt a bit sorry for having my own house filled up with
too much furniture already. Still, at last I was lucky, since I caught a
glimpse of some very interesting kitchen furniture at the side of the
showroom, which I hadn’t seen before. Joerg said that Pattaya Cane &
Fabric is working together with famous kitchen furniture manufacturer Mogen.
Very stylish and modern, yet very practical, this kitchen furniture was
exactly the style I was looking for.
At the end of my visit, Joerg asked me to write that
Pattaya Cane & Fabric wants to open a branch in Koh Samui and anybody
who is interested in becoming a business or franchise partner should contact
him at tel. 421398, fax: 410853.
Copyright 2000 Pattaya Mail Publishing Co.Ltd.
370/7-8 Pattaya Second Road, Pattaya City, Chonburi 20260, Thailand
Tel.66-38 411 240-1, 413 240-1, Fax:66-38 427 596; e-mail: [email protected]
Updated by Chinnaporn Sangwanlek, assisted by
Boonsiri Suansuk.
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